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erbil citadel is a fortified settlement on top of an imposing ovoid-shaped tell (a hill created by many generations of people living and rebuilding on the same spot) in the kurdistan region, erbil governorate. a continuous wall of tall 19th-century façades still conveys the visual impression of an impregnable fortress, dominating the city of erbil. the citadel features a peculiar fan-like pattern dating back to erbil’s late ottoman phase. written and iconographic historical records document the antiquity of settlement on the site – erbil corresponds to ancient arbela, an important assyrian political and religious centre – while archaeological finds and investigations suggest that the mound conceals the levels and remains of previous settlements. |
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